What is a "theme" in literature?

In literature, a "theme" refers to a central idea or underlying message that the author explores throughout a work. It represents the deeper significance behind events, characters, and settings, allowing readers to connect with the text on an intellectual or emotional level. Themes often address universal human experiences, such as love, conflict, morality, identity, and society, and they serve to convey insights into the human condition.

For instance, in a story that deals with the theme of friendship, the narrative may delve into the complexities of relationships and what it means to support one another through challenges. Recognizing the theme can enhance a reader's understanding and appreciation of the work, as it provides a lens through which to interpret the characters' motivations and the plot's developments. This emphasis on the central idea differentiates it clearly from the other options provided, which either refer to more superficial aspects of storytelling or character development.