What term refers to a false name used by an author?

The term that refers to a false name used by an author is "pseudonym." A pseudonym is specifically a name that an author adopts that differs from their real name, primarily to conceal their identity or to create a persona that is distinct from their own. This practice allows writers to explore different styles, genres, or subjects without the heavy weight of their personal identity affecting readers’ perceptions.

While "alias" might also refer to a false name, it is more general and can apply to anyone using a different name for various reasons, not just authors. "Real name" is the name given at birth and is the opposite of what a pseudonym represents. "Nickname" typically indicates a familiar or affectionate name given to someone rather than a name used in professional writing.